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PAS 9980 and FRAEW Explained: A Guide for Responsible Persons

A practical guide to when a Fire Risk Appraisal of External Walls may be needed, how proportionality works and what the assessment is intended to inform.

Technical Briefing March 2026 External Walls
Overview

A FRAEW is used to understand external wall fire risk in a proportionate and decision-focused way

Clients often encounter PAS 9980 and FRAEW terminology after an EWS1 query, a lender request, a fire risk concern or wider uncertainty around the building facade. The important point is that a FRAEW is not a generic certificate. It is a structured fire risk appraisal of the external wall construction and the degree of risk it presents.

What PAS 9980 is intended to do

PAS 9980 provides a framework for assessing fire risk associated with external wall construction in multi-occupied residential buildings. It was introduced to support a more proportionate approach to external wall risk and to move decision-making away from overly simplistic assumptions based only on materials lists.

In practical terms, it helps responsible persons and building stakeholders understand whether the external wall arrangement presents a level of risk that requires remedial action, further investigation or a different management response.

When a FRAEW may be needed

A FRAEW is typically considered where there is uncertainty about the wall build-up, the presence of combustible materials, previous EWS1 difficulties or broader concern about external wall fire performance. It may also arise where funding, remediation planning, resident assurance or transactional decision-making requires a clearer and more defensible technical position.

The point is not to commission one automatically for every building. The question is whether it is the proportionate next step for the building in question.

How proportionality affects outcomes

PAS 9980 is grounded in proportionality. The assessment considers the building context, occupancy profile, height, wall construction, fire spread potential and relevant mitigating factors. That means the outcome is not limited to a binary pass or fail position.

Instead, the assessment should support clearer advice on the actual risk position and whether remedial works, management measures or further information are required.

Next Steps

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